PDI Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I (SU24) Questions and Answers

In the provided class:

public class myClass {

public void myMethod() { /* implementation */ }

}

The class myClass is declared without any sharing keyword (with sharing, without sharing, or inherited sharing).

Default Sharing Behavior:

Apex classes without an explicit sharing declaration run in system context, meaning they do not enforce sharing rules.

Option B: Sharing rules will not be enforced for the running user.

Explanation: Since myClass does not specify with sharing, methods within it execute without enforcing sharing rules, allowing access to all data irrespective of the running user's sharing rules.

To build a responsive application capable of responding to touch events and executed on stateful clients, the developer should use technologies that support modern web standards, responsive design, and touch interactions. The two technologies that meet these requirements are Aura Components and Lightning Web Components.

Option A: Aura Components

Explanation: Aura Components are part of the Lightning Component Framework and are designed to build dynamic web applications for mobile and desktop devices. They support responsive design and can handle touch events, making them suitable for building applications that run on stateful clients.

In the Aura framework, application events propagate through the component hierarchy in specific phases. The two main phases are:

Option A: Bubble

Correct Phase.

Explanation:

In the bubble phase, the event propagates upward from the source component to the root component.

Components can handle the event during this phase by registering an event handler with phase="bubble".

In Salesforce, triggers are executed in response to specific database events on standard objects (such as Account or Contact) and custom objects. The following actions can cause triggers to fire:

Option A: Cascading delete operations

Explanation: When a record is deleted, and it has child records in a master-detail relationship, the child records are automatically deleted (cascade delete). This action fires the before delete and after delete triggers on the child records.

Trace Flags in Salesforce are used to set logging levels for various entities to debug and monitor execution. They can be configured for:

Apex Classes (Option C):

You can set a trace flag for a specific Apex class to monitor its execution and debug logs.

Scratch Orgs are disposable Salesforce orgs that can be created quickly and configured with different features and settings. They are ideal for source-driven development and allow developers to work independently.

Option D: Scratch orgs

Correct Answer.

Scratch orgs support source-driven development and can be fully configured through scripts and the Salesforce CLI.

Developers can create and destroy scratch orgs as needed, ensuring they have isolated environments.

To add an additional layer of validation for email addresses on Lead records by using automation and possibly an external validation service, the best solution is to use a custom Lightning Web Component (LWC).

Option C: Use a custom Lightning Web Component to make a callout to validate the fields on a third-party system

Real-Time Validation: An LWC can perform client-side validation and make callouts to external systems to validate the email address as the user inputs data.

User Experience: Provides immediate feedback to the user, improving data quality at the point of entry.

Limitations: This solution works when data is entered through the UI using the LWC component.

In Aura Components, application events are fired by invoking the fire() method on the event instance.

Option D: fire()

Correct.

Explanation:

To fire an application event, you first get the event instance using cmp.getEvent("eventName") and then call fire() on it.

Example:

var appEvent = $A.get("e.namespace:eventName");

appEvent.setParams({ "param1" : value1 });

appEvent.fire();

The Apex test fails in the Test Runner but succeeds in the Execute Anonymous window because the test method relies on existing data in the sandbox.

Isolation of Test Data: By default, Apex tests do not have access to pre-existing data in the organization. Tests are executed in an isolated context to ensure they are not dependent on external data, promoting reliability and repeatability.

"Apex test methods don’t have access to pre-existing data in the organization. The test methods have access to all data that they create and to changes made by other test methods (unless the @IsTest(Isolated=true) annotation is used)."— Apex Developer Guide: Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests

Execute Anonymous Window: When code is run in the Execute Anonymous window, it executes in the current user's context and has access to all organization data, including existing records.

"All Apex code runs in system mode. The only exception is anonymous blocks, such as code executed using the Execute Anonymous window or the SOAP API."— Apex Developer Guide: Enforcing Object and Field Permissions

Solution: To fix the failing test, the developer should create the necessary test data within the test method or use the @IsTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation if access to existing data is absolutely necessary (though this is generally discouraged).

"If you specify @IsTest(SeeAllData=true), the test method has access to all data in the organization, but the test can be slower and less reliable because it might depend on data that changes."— Apex Developer Guide: Using the SeeAllData Annotation

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: While calling an @future method requires special handling in tests, it would not cause the method to pass in Execute Anonymous and fail in tests.

Option C: A syntax error would prevent the code from compiling, so it wouldn't run in either context.

Option D: Using System.runAs is only necessary when testing code that behaves differently for users with different profiles or permissions.

Conclusion: The discrepancy arises because the test method is attempting to access data that isn't available in the test context, leading to its failure in the Test Runner but success in the Execute Anonymous window.

Option A: <apex:pageMessages />

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

The component displays all messages that were added to the ApexPages message list, including those added via ApexPages.addMessage().

Understanding the Code:

for (Integer i = 0 ; i < 500; i++) {

Account a = new Account (Name='New Account ' + i);

insert a;

}

What the Code Does:

Loops from i = 0 to i = 499 (total of 500 iterations).

In each iteration:

Creates a new Account record with the name 'New Account ' + i.

Performs an insert DML operation for each account.

Salesforce Governor Limits:

DML Statements Limit:

Maximum of 150 DML statements per Apex transaction.

When working with formula fields in Salesforce, it's important to understand their characteristics and limitations.

Option A: Formulas are calculated at runtime and are not stored in the database.

True.

Explanation:

Formula fields are calculated dynamically whenever the record is accessed.

The value is not stored in the database; instead, it is computed on-the-fly based on the formula definition.

To ensure that the variables creditAmount and debitAmount cannot change once assigned, the final keyword should be used.

Option B: Use the final keyword and assign its value in the class constructor.

Declaring a variable as final allows it to be assigned once.

Assigning the value in the constructor is acceptable for instance variables.

Option D: Use the final keyword and assign its value when declaring the variable.

Assigning the value at declaration ensures it cannot be changed later.

Why Not Other Options:

Option A: Using static with assignment in the constructor is invalid because static variables belong to the class, not instances.

Option C: Using static and assigning in a static initializer doesn't prevent reassignment unless final is also used.

References:

Final Variables:

"You can declare instance variables as final. A final variable can only be assigned a value once, either when you declare it or in the constructor."— Apex Developer Guide: Classes, Objects, and Interfaces

Option A: An External ID field can be used to reference an ID from another external system.

True.

Explanation:

External IDs are custom fields that have the External ID attribute selected.

They are used to store unique identifiers from external systems, allowing Salesforce to match and integrate data based on external IDs.

The first step in the Salesforce order of execution:

Option D: The original record is loaded from the database.

This is Step 1 in the order of execution.

Why Not Other Options:

Option A: Overwriting old values happens after loading the record.

Option B: JavaScript validation occurs on the client side before server processing.

Option C: System validation for field lengths happens after loading the record.

References:

Order of Execution:

"1. Loads the original record from the database or initializes the record for an upsert statement."— Apex Developer Guide: Triggers and Order of Execution

To create a custom user interface component that allows users to enter information about their accounts and validate user input before saving, the best technology is:

Option A: Lightning Web Components

Lightning Web Components (LWC):

LWC is a modern UI framework built on web standards, providing efficient performance and a rich set of base components.

Input Validation:

LWCs support client-side validation using standard HTML5 validation and custom validation logic.

Developers can use JavaScript to validate user input before saving data to the database.

User Experience:

LWCs provide a responsive and interactive user experience, which is essential for data entry components.

Since Case and Defect__c have Private organization-wide defaults (OWD), users need explicit access to the parent records to access the child records in a master-detail or junction object relationship.

The Case_Defect__c is a junction object between Case and Defect__c.

Option C: Share the parent Case and Defect__c records.

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

To access a record on a junction object (Case_Defect__c), a user must have access to both parent records.

Sharing both the Case and Defect__c records with the user will grant them access to the Case_Defect__c record.

Defining the Order Number field as an External ID and marking it as Unique ensures:

External ID:

Allows the field to be used for matching during data import.

Helps in upsert operations.

Unique:

Ensures no duplicate Order Numbers exist.

Maintains data integrity.

Why Not Other Options:

Option A: Direct Lookup is not a valid field type for this scenario.

Option B: Lookup fields create relationships, not suitable here.

Option D: Indirect Lookup is used with external objects.

References:

External IDs:

"An external ID is a custom field that has the External ID attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce."— Salesforce Help: External ID Fields

Option D: Use Test.getStandardPricebookId() to get the standard price book ID.

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

The Test.getStandardPricebookId() method returns the ID of the standard price book, which can be used in test classes without using SeeAllData=true.

This allows the test to access and use the standard price book in a controlled manner.

To prevent duplicate Order records from being created when updates come from the OMS:

Option B: Use the order number from the OMS as an external ID.

Explanation: Setting the Order Number as an External ID allows Salesforce to recognize records based on this unique identifier during upsert operations.

Option D: Ensure that the order number in the OMS is unique.

Explanation: Having a unique Order Number in the OMS ensures that each order can be accurately identified and matched in Salesforce.

Why These Actions Prevent Duplicates:

By using upsert with the External ID, the integration can update existing orders instead of creating new ones.

// Example of upsert operation using External ID

upsert orderRecord Order_Number__c;



To notify the parent component from a child component when a button is clicked:

Option C: Create a custom event

Explanation: In Lightning Web Components, child components communicate with parent components by dispatching custom events.

Child Component:

// ChildComponent.js

handleClick() {

const nextEvent = new CustomEvent('next');

this.dispatchEvent(nextEvent);

}

Parent Component:

javascript

Copy code

// ParentComponent.js

handleNext() {

// Navigate to the next page

}

When writing tests for Apex code that performs callouts to external services, Salesforce requires that callouts are mocked to ensure that tests do not depend on external systems and to allow for consistent and predictable test results.

Correct Option:

Option D: Write a class that implements HttpCalloutMock.

True.

Explanation:

To test HTTP callouts, you implement the HttpCalloutMock interface and provide a fake response for the HTTP request.

This mock response is then used in your test methods to simulate the callout.

The test method uses Test.setMock to set the mock class.

To calculate the sum of all Order Line item totals on the Order record in a master-detail relationship, the best practice is to use a Roll-up Summary Field.

Roll-up Summary Field: This field type allows you to perform calculations on a set of related records, such as summing up the total price of all Order Line items related to an Order.

"Roll-up summary fields allow you to display a value in a master record based on the values of fields in a detail record."— Salesforce Help: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

Master-Detail Relationship: Since Order Line items are in a master-detail relationship with Orders, roll-up summary fields can be created on the master object (Order) to summarize data from the detail object (Order Line).

"You can create roll-up summary fields on any custom object that is on the master side of a master-detail relationship."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Roll-Up Summary Fields

Why Not Other Options:

A. Quick Action: Quick actions are used to create records, log calls, send emails, etc., and are not suitable for calculating and displaying aggregate data.

B. Apex Trigger: While triggers can perform the calculation, using them for this purpose is not considered best practice when declarative solutions like roll-up summary fields are available.

"Use declarative functionality (roll-up summary fields) for maintaining aggregates instead of triggers."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Best Practices for Triggers

D. Formula Field: Formula fields cannot aggregate data from child records to parent records unless they are part of a roll-up summary field in a master-detail relationship.

Conclusion: Using a roll-up summary field is the most efficient and recommended approach to sum the total prices of all Order Line items on the Order record.

To test the trigger with 200 account records with unique names using the least amount of code:

Option A: Use Test.loadData to populate data in your test methods.

Explanation: Test.loadData allows you to load test data from a static resource (CSV file) into your test method. This approach minimizes code since you don't have to write code to create each record.

When updating a record of a junction object in Salesforce (an object used to create a many-to-many relationship), you must have the appropriate permissions.

Required Permissions:

Read/Write access on the junction object: To update the junction object record itself.

Read/Write access on both master (parent) records: Because the junction object is in two master-detail relationships, and its security settings are controlled by the parent records.

Given the options:

Option A: Read/Write access on the primary relationship

Option B: Read/Write access on the secondary relationship

These options correspond to having Read/Write access on both parent objects.

Supporting References:

Master-Detail Relationships:

Permissions Inheritance: The detail (junction) record inherits sharing and security settings from the master (parent) records.

Updating Records: To update a detail record, users must have Read/Write access to both the detail record and its parent records.

Option C: In a test setup method, test data is inserted once and made available for all test methods in the test class.

True.

The @testSetup method runs once before any test methods in the class.

Test data created in this method is available to all test methods, promoting code reuse and efficiency.

Declarative customizations in Salesforce refer to point-and-click configurations made through the Salesforce UI, such as creating objects, fields, workflows, and processes.

Option C: Declarative customizations automatically update with each Salesforce release.

True.

Explanation:

Declarative features are managed by Salesforce and are automatically updated and enhanced with each new release.

Users benefit from new features without needing to modify existing configurations.

When creating a Visualforce page that uses a standard controller and a controller extension for a custom object named Notice__c, the correct syntax is:

Option D: apex

standardController="Notice__c" extensions="myControllerExtension"

Correct Syntax.

standardController attribute specifies the standard controller for the custom object Notice__c.

extensions attribute specifies the name of the Apex class myControllerExtension that extends the functionality of the standard controller.

When overriding standard buttons in Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience, different technologies are used.

Salesforce Classic:

Visualforce pages are used to override standard buttons like Edit.

Lightning Experience:

Lightning Components (Aura Components or Lightning Web Components) are used.

Option C: A Visualforce page in Salesforce Classic and a Lightning component in Lightning Experience

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

In Salesforce Classic, override the Edit button with a Visualforce page.

In Lightning Experience, use a Lightning Component to override the Edit action.

When using purely declarative development to build the business logic layer in Salesforce, the following options are available:

Option A: Validation Rules

Explanation: Validation rules are declarative tools that enforce business rules on record data entry, ensuring data integrity.

When an Opportunity needs to have an amount rolled up from a custom object that is not in a master-detail relationship, the best approach is to:

Option B: Write a trigger on the child object and use an aggregate function to sum the amount for all related child objects under the Opportunity.

Roll-Up Summary Fields Limitation: Roll-up summary fields can only be created on master-detail relationships. Since the custom object is in a lookup relationship with Opportunity (not master-detail), roll-up summary fields are not available.

"Roll-up summary fields can only be created on master-detail relationships."— Salesforce Help: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

Trigger on Child Object: Writing a trigger on the child object (the custom object) allows you to execute logic whenever a child record is inserted, updated, or deleted.

Aggregate Function: Within the trigger, you can use SOQL aggregate functions (like SUM()) to calculate the total amount of all child records related to the Opportunity and update the parent Opportunity record accordingly.

trigger ChildObjectTrigger on ChildObject__c (after insert, after update, after delete, after undelete) {

Set oppIds = new Set();

if(Trigger.isInsert || Trigger.isUpdate || Trigger.isUndelete){

for(ChildObject__c child : Trigger.new){

oppIds.add(child.Opportunity__c);

}

}

if(Trigger.isDelete){

for(ChildObject__c child : Trigger.old){

oppIds.add(child.Opportunity__c);

}

}

List oppsToUpdate = new List();

for(Id oppId : oppIds){

Decimal totalAmount = [SELECT SUM(Amount__c) FROM ChildObject__c WHERE Opportunity__c = :oppId];

Opportunity opp = new Opportunity(Id = oppId, Total_Child_Amount__c = totalAmount);

oppsToUpdate.add(opp);

}

update oppsToUpdate;

}

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: Use the Streaming API to create real-time roll-up summaries.

The Streaming API is designed for receiving notifications of data changes in Salesforce and is not suitable for calculating roll-up summaries.

"The Streaming API enables streaming of events using push technology and provides a subscription mechanism for receiving events in near real time."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Streaming API

Option C: Use the Metadata API to create real-time roll-up summaries.

The Metadata API is used for deploying and retrieving metadata (like custom fields, layouts) between orgs and does not perform data calculations.

"Use Metadata API to retrieve, deploy, create, update, or delete customization information, such as custom object definitions and page layouts, for your org."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Metadata API

Option D: Write a trigger on the Opportunity object and use tree sorting to sum the amount for all related child objects under the Opportunity.

Writing a trigger on the Opportunity object would not effectively capture changes made to child records, as triggers on the parent do not fire when child records are modified.

Tree sorting is not a standard technique in Apex for summing related records.

Conclusion:

Writing a trigger on the child object is the most effective way to sum amounts from child records and update the parent Opportunity when a master-detail relationship is not present.

Option A: The Apex governor limits are reset for each iteration of the execute() method.

True.

Explanation:

In Batch Apex, each execution of the execute() method is a separate transaction.

Governor limits are reset at the start of each transaction.

Change Sets are a point-and-click tool for migrating metadata between related Salesforce orgs, such as from a sandbox to a production org.

Option C: Deployment is done in a one-way, single transaction.

Correct.

Explanation:

Change sets are deployed in a one-way direction from the source org to the destination org.

The deployment occurs in a single transaction. If any component fails to deploy, the entire deployment is rolled back.

To retrieve data from an external system in real time during a flow, the developer should use an invocable method.

Option B: An invocable method

Invocable methods can be called from Flow to execute Apex code. By annotating an Apex method with @InvocableMethod, you can expose it to Flows. If the method needs to make a callout to an external system, it must be annotated with (callout=true).

public with sharing class OrderService {

@InvocableMethod(callout=true)

public static List getOrderData(List inputs) {

// Callout to external system and return data

}

}

Option C: Handle low-level events in the event handler and re-fire them as higher-level events.

True.

Explanation:

It's a best practice to encapsulate lower-level events and re-emit them as higher-level, application-specific events to decouple components and simplify event handling.

To integrate Order__c records with the ERP system after their status is set to 'Placed', and considering that orders may be uploaded in bulk, the developer should:

Option D: Callout from a Queueable class called from a trigger

Explanation:

Trigger: Implement an after-update trigger on Order__c to detect when the status changes to 'Placed'.

Queueable Apex: Use Queueable Apex to handle asynchronous processing and callouts. Queueable classes support callouts by implementing the Database.AllowsCallouts interface.

Benefits:

Handles Bulk Data: Queueable Apex can process records in batches and can be chained for processing large volumes.

Supports Callouts: Unlike future methods, Queueable Apex allows for more complex data types and supports callouts with fewer limitations.

When a developer is alerted to an issue with a custom Apex trigger causing records to be duplicated, the most appropriate debugging approach is to add System.debug statements to the code.

Option A: Add System.debug statements to the code to track the execution flow and identify the issue

Trace Execution Flow: System.debug statements help log the values of variables and the execution path.

Identify Logic Errors: By examining the debug logs, the developer can pinpoint where the duplication is occurring.

Minimal Impact: Adding debug statements is a minimal code change and does not alter the functionality.

Universal Containers (UC) wants to calculate the estimated ship date for an Order, which should be the date when all Order Line Items are available. The availability date is stored on each Order Line Item.

Given that the relationship between Order and Order Line Item is Master-Detail, we can leverage Roll-Up Summary Fields to perform calculations on the child records (Order Line Items) and summarize them on the parent record (Order).

Option A: Use a MAX Roll-Up Summary field on the latest availability date fields.

Correct Approach.

Explanation:

Create a Roll-Up Summary Field on the Order object.

Use the MAX function to calculate the latest availability date among all related Order Line Items.

The Roll-Up Summary Field will display the maximum (latest) availability date, which represents the date when all items are available.

This date can be used as the estimated ship date for the Order since the Order can only be shipped when all items are available.

Benefits:

Declarative Solution: No code required.

Real-Time Calculation: Automatically updates when Order Line Items change.