4A0-100 Nokia Scalable IP Networks Questions and Answers

config router static-route 192.168.2.0/24 next-hop 10.2.3.2

config router static-route 10.2.3.1 next-hop 192.168.2.0

config router static-route 192.168.2.0/24 next-hop 10.2.3.1

config router static-route 10.2.3.2 next-hop 192.168.2.0

The Service ATM Point is used for ATM connections to a PE.

The Service Access Point is defined on the PE device and is the customers access to the service.

The Service Access Point is defined on the P device and is the customers access to the service.

The Service Access Point is defined on the CE device and is the customers access to the service.

An iBGP peering session with router R5, and an eBGP peering session with router R4

iBGP peering sessions with routers R3 and R4

An eBGP peering session with router R4

An iBGP peering session with router R5

1/1/1

1/1/2

1/1/3

1/1/4

It is responsible for encapsulating packets into frames for transmission on physical media

It is responsible for encapsulating packets into IP datagrams and routing them

It is responsible for encapsulating application data into TCP/UDP messages

It is responsible for the timing of the signals on physical media.

Network Solutions INC

IANA

IETF

ITU-T

IEEE

172.30.0.0/16

192.100.0.0/24

172.0.0.0/16

169.254.0.0/16

11.0.0.0/8

time-display

help

type

terminal

The provider edge (PE) switch adds an additional field called a PE tag to the customers Layer 2 data.

The PE switch replaces the customers VLAN tag with a carrier-assigned tag.

The PE switch adds a second VLAN tag to identify the customers traffic on the carriers network.

The PE switch assigns a customer-specific priority label to the customers traffic.

Same host numbers.

Same IP address.

First two bits of the IP address are set to 01.

Same network prefix.

1

2

7

10

17.23.119.63

87.99.12.159

95.11.22.93

192.11.25.87

Support for IPv6.

Support for POS.

Upgrade path to the Nokia 7750 SR.

Support for IS-IS

ICMP echo request, ARP request, ARP reply, ICMP echo reply.

ARP request, ARP reply, ICMP echo request, ICMP echo reply.

ICMP echo request, ICMP echo reply, ARP request, ARP reply.

ICMP echo request, ARP reply, ARP request, ICMP echo reply.

STM-1 with a bit rate of 1.544 Mbit/s

STM-1 with a bit rate of 2.048 Mbit/s

STM-1 with a bit rate of 51.84 Mbit/s

STM-1 with a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s

PPP supports multipoint access networks with many stations. The all 1's acts as a broadcast.

PPP supports multipoint access networks with many stations. The all 1's acts as a multicast.

PPP supports point-to-point networks only. The address field is fixed.

PPP supports point-to-point networks only. The address field can change dynamically since every station is assigned a PPP address.

ATM and Frame-Relay are circuit switched protocols and use Virtual Circuits to create logical separation of traffic.

ATM and Frame-Relay are point-to-point protocols and do not support different customers or traffic type on the same physical wire.

ATM and Frame-Relay are circuit switched protocols and use VLAN's to create logical separation of traffic.

ATM and Frame-Relay are circuit switched protocols and use IP Header information to create logical separation of traffic.

Number of subnetworks currently required.

Type of physical connectivity used by each segment.

Future network growth requirements.

Number of hosts each subnetwork will support.

Class of the network address to be used for the network.

IP routing.

IP protocol.

IP encapsulation.

IP tunneling.

A string of 1s

A string of 0s

A string of alternating 10s

There is no specific bit pattern to identify the network address.

Small optical module available in a variety of formats.

Contains a CPU for managing the forwarding hardware in each flexible fast path.

Converts traffic from an external standard format to an internal format.

Contains the CPU that runs the routing protocol software as well as the switch fabric.

116.14.17.16

116.14.17.31

116.14.17.192

116.14.17.189

Ctrl-z

Ctrl-c

Esc

Shift-Page Down

UDP has less overhead because it is only used for transmission of small amounts of data.

UDP has less overhead then TCP because there is no checksum field in UDP.

UDP overhead is the same as TCP because it uses the same fields in the header.

UDP has less overhead because there is no requirement for acknowledgment or retransmission.

1

2

7

10

A routing entry, included in the RIB by default, that forwards packets with an unknown destination to the CPM for inspection.

A manual entry used when the destination address of a network is not specifically listed in the routing table.

A manual entry that matches a specific /32 host address using the least cost to the destination.

A default entry in the FIB used when forwarding multicast and broadcast packets.

File sizes

Port statistics

Log-id 100 files

TiMOS image files

A string of consecutive 1's.

A string of consecutive 0's.

A string of alternating 10's.

The network address is determined by masking the source address with a port's if Index binary representation.

These ports identify the physical location of the sender and the receiver on the IP router.

These ports are used as addresses to communicate with the IP layer.

TCP does not use source or destination ports.

These ports are used as an address to identify the upper layer application using the TCP connection.

Real-time audio application, such as VoIP

Web browser

Email application

Telnet

Sequence numbers are used to ensure that the data received is offered to the application in the correct order.

The SYN flag is used to identify congestion in the network.

The NACK flag is set on confirmation segments to acknowledge FCS errors.

The window size is transmitted in all TCP segments to communicate MTU limitations of lower layer protocols to upper layer applications.

Real-time audio application such as VoIP.

Web browser.

Email application.

Telnet.

A series of labels from one LER to another LER represent a logical tunnel known as an LSP.

Labels used for a LSP may be static but are usually signaled dynamically with an MPLS label signaling protocol.

Labels are locally significant to the MPLS router which means its possible for two routers on the LSP path to use the same label.

Labels are globally significant to the MPLS network which means all labels on the LSP path must be unique.

Labels used for an LSP must be statically assigned by the service provider.

RSVP-TE

CSPF

PNNI

LDP

An autonomous system is a network or group of networks operating under one administrative authority.

An autonomous system is another term for the collection of routers that make up the Internet

An autonomous system is a network or group of networks from many organizations running different IGP routing protocols, but all running BGP.

An autonomous system is a loosely defined term that can refer to any organization that has a connection to the Internet.

The ACK tells the host A that host B wishes to establish a session.

The ACK tells host A the sequence number of the segment that was just received by host B.

The ACK tells host A the sequence number of the next segment that host B expects to see.

The ACK is flow control from host B and tells host A to reduce its transmission rate.

It reduces the number of routes advertised by the router.

It allows a single route table entry to represent multiple subnetworks

It can reduce the size of the routing table in neighboring routers.

It advertises more specific routes for routing advertisement stability.

Router R2 pushes labels for LSP A, and R3 swaps labels for LSP A.

Router R2 swaps labels for LSP A, and R3 pops labels for LSP A.

Router R2 and R3 swap labels for LSP A and LSP B.

Router R2 and R3 push labels for LSP A and LSP B, respectively.

It is used to maintain adjacency between neighbors.

It is used to request link state updates from neighbors.

It is used to deliver link state updates to neighbors.

It is used to confirm delivery of updates between neighbors.

Building routing tables using dynamic routing protocols.

Building forwarding tables for the IOMs.

Handling router configuration and management functions.

Processing and forwarding user application traffic.

The same SDP ID can be used on multiple routers.

Each service requires a unique SDP.

SDPs are not configured on P routers.

SDPs are not configured on CE devices.

Hierarchical IP Addressing

IP Address Subnetting

Variable Length Subnet Masking

IP Address Summarization

All sites are connected to a single wire.

All sites are connected to a switched network.

All sites are connected to a routed network.

All sites are connected to the Internet.

The frame is silently discarded.

The source MAC address is saved in the MAC FDB, and the frame is discarded.

The source MAC address is saved in the MAC FDB, and the frame is flooded to all ports except the

receiving port.

The source and destination MAC addresses are saved in the MAC FDB, and the frame is flooded to all

ports.

Provides a connectionless data transmission service.

Provides physical interconnection of network devices.

Provides reliable transfers of data.

Provides services equivalent to the OSI data link layer.

Both ARP request and response messages are unicast messages.

Both ARP request and response messages are broadcast messages.

An ARP request is a broadcast message, while an ARP response is a unicast message.

An ARP request is a unicast message, while an ARP response is a broadcast message.

TCP (protocol 6) traffic between addresses 1.2.3.0/24 and 2.3.4.0/24 is dropped.

TCP (protocol 6) traffic from source address 1.2.3.0/24 to destination address 2.3.4.0/24 is forwarded.

TCP (protocol 6) traffic from source address 2.3.4.0/24 to destination address 1.2.3.0/24 is dropped.

TCP (protocol 6) traffic from source address 1.2.3.0/24 to destination address 2.3.4.0/24 is dropped.

Layer 2 is responsible for encapsulating packets into frames for transmission on physical media.

Layer 2 is responsible for encapsulating packets into IP datagrams and routing them.

Layer 2 is responsible for encapsulating application data into TCP/UDP messages.

Layer 2 is responsible for the timing of the signals on physical media.

Routers periodically send a copy of their table to their neighbors.

Routers send triggered updates to the entire network.

Routers know the entire network topology.

Routers use Shortest Path First algorithm to calculate the optimum paths.