300-430 Implementing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks (300-430 ENWLSI) Questions and Answers

The maximum time range that can be viewed on the Cisco DNA Center issues and alarms page is 24 hours. This allows network administrators to monitor and troubleshoot recent issues and alarms within a one-day period. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

 In Cisco CMX, to view active RFID tags, the engineer needs to enable the tracking of these tags within the system settings. This is typically done by selecting an option that allows for RFID tag tracking, which makes them visible on location-based services like the Detect and Locate window of Cisco CMX. By enabling this feature, the system starts to interpret signals from RFID tags and displays their location accordingly. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

When a wireless controller is configured to authenticate clients against Microsoft Active Directory using PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol), it uses RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) as the protocol to communicate with the authentication server. RADIUS is a networking protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service.

In Quality of Service (QoS) for networking, Class of Service (COS) and Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) are used for traffic classification and prioritization. Voice traffic is generally given high priority due to its sensitivity to delay and requires proper tagging to maintain quality over the network.

The correct mapping for voice traffic, according to best practices, is a COS value of 5 mapped to a DSCP value of 46. This is because DSCP 46 corresponds to Expedited Forwarding (EF), which is typically used for voice traffic prioritization in IP networks.

The exhibit shows the output from a command on a network device that displays the current mappings between COS values and DSCP values. The mapping that needs modification for correct voice traffic tagging can be identified by looking at the standard practice for voice QoS, which uses a COS value of 5 mapped to a DSCP value of 46.

References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

The Cisco Aironet 1800s Active Sensor is designed to work with Cisco DNA Center. It is a compact, flexible sensor that provides insights into the wireless network’s health and is used for proactive monitoring and troubleshooting. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, which includes information on Cisco DNA Center and compatible AP models.

To ensure reliable streaming of multicast video over a wireless link, it’s essential to optimize the multicast settings on the controller. Option B, implementing video-stream for the multicast video on the controller, is a feature that optimizes the delivery of multicast streams by converting them into unicast streams for specific clients, thus improving reliability. Option C, allowing multicast-direct to work correctly, involves enabling multicast-direct globally, which allows multicast packets to be sent directly to clients without the need for them to subscribe to a specific multicast group, enhancing efficiency and reliability. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 In a Cisco WLAN deployment where it is required that all APs from branch1 remain operational even if the control plane CAPWAP tunnel is down, the operational mode that must be configured on the APs is standalone (option B). In standalone mode, the APs can continue to function and provide network access to clients even without a connection to the WLC, which is essential during a WAN failure to headquarters. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, with a focus on AP operational modes and their behavior during network disruptions.

The issue with the Cisco CMX dashboard not showing any data can be resolved by integrating the Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) with the CMX system. The CMX solution relies on data from the WLCs to track and detect users’ presence in the office area. Without the WLCs being added to CMX, the system cannot collect the necessary analytics and location data for its operations.

To route wireless traffic from the branch through the firewall at corporate headquarters, the correct Cisco FlexConnect configuration is central authentication and central switching. This setup ensures that both user authentication and data traffic are handled centrally at the corporate headquarters, allowing the firewall to inspect and route the traffic accordingly. Local RADIUS servers in each branch can still be used for redundancy or other purposes, but the central control of traffic is maintained. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

The AAA override feature on a WLAN allows for individualized security policies to be applied to users after they are authenticated by the AAA server, which in this case is Cisco ISE (Identity Services Engine). The company policy requires that all users be denied access to any resources until they pass validation. By using AAA override, the network can enforce access control policies based on user credentials and group membership, ensuring that users cannot access network resources until they have been validated by Cisco ISE. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

In a FlexConnect group with local switching but central DHCP, clients can use features like multicast and static IP without any issues. However, fast roaming, which allows clients to move seamlessly between access points with minimal delay, requires the access points to handle client information locally. If the configuration is changed to allow local DHCP, then the access points can cache client credentials, enabling fast roaming.

References :=

• CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide
• Cisco documentation on FlexConnect configurations

To segregate iOS devices to the guest SSID on VLAN 101 and distribute the rest of the clients on VLAN 102, creating a service template and enabling device classification are required. The service template specifies the VLAN assignment, while device classification identifies the type of device connecting to the network. References: Cisco Catalyst 9800-80 WLC documentation on local policies and device classification.

Allowing access to the Local Area Network (LAN) without implementing a Mobile Device Management (MDM) solution poses a significant security risk to a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy. Without MDM, the organization lacks control over the personal devices that connect to its network, which could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential data breaches, and the inability to enforce security policies.

The correct URL to be used in the configuration as the external redirection URL for guests to view the company’s Facebook page before accessing the network is http:// :8083/fbwifi/forward (B). This URL is associated with the Cisco MSE’s Facebook Wi-Fi feature, which facilitates the redirection process. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

 To ensure the 1810 OEAP can join the controller from remote teleworker locations, the firewall must allow specific UDP ports that are used for AP communication with the controller. UDP ports 5246 and 5247 are used for Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) control and data messages, while UDP ports 12222 and 12223 are used for OfficeExtend APs’ data traffic. Blocking these ports would prevent the APs from joining the controller, hence they must be allowed on the firewall.

Split tunneling on a Cisco Aironet 600 Series OfficeExtend AP allows for traffic to be divided between two different networks. In this case, it enables the user to access the corporate network for work-related tasks while simultaneously allowing them to print to a printer on their home network. This is achieved by routing the traffic meant for the corporate network to the WLC, while local traffic such as the connection to a home printer is kept on the local network. References := CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To segregate iOS devices to the guest SSID on VLAN 101 and distribute the rest of the clients on VLAN 102, creating a service template and enabling device classification are required. The service template specifies the VLAN assignment, while device classification identifies the type of device connecting to the network. References: Cisco Catalyst 9800-80 WLC documentation on local policies and device classification.

Trusting DSCP is essential for maintaining the QoS markings across the wired and wireless network in a FlexConnect deployment. By trusting DSCP, the WLC and APs will preserve the QoS markings set by applications and devices, ensuring consistent QoS treatment throughout the network. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

Application Visibility and Control (AVC) profiles must be implemented to remark the QoS value for WebEx traffic. AVC profiles allow the network to identify different applications and provide the appropriate QoS treatment, ensuring high-quality meetings. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

 The issue described indicates that the Angle of Arrival (AoA) data is not being transmitted between the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) and the virtual CMX server. To resolve this, the network administrator must ensure that port 2003 is allowed for AoA packets to flow through between the CMX appliances, which is necessary for Hyperlocation data transmission. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 Link-Local Service (LSS) filtering for mDNS (Multicast Domain Name System) is used to control the propagation of mDNS services across the network. To enable LSS for the AppleTV mDNS service only when ORIGIN is set to Wired, the correct action is to set ORIGIN to Wired and enable LSS specifically for the AppleTV service. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

The default IEEE 802.1x AP authentication configuration on a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller is EAP-FAST with CAPWAP DTLS (Option D). This method uses EAP-FAST for authentication within a secure tunnel established by Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) over CAPWAP, which provides both security for authentication credentials and encryption for wireless management frames. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

The impact of BYOD that should be considered is the potential for increased phishing attacks. BYOD can lead to a greater variety of devices accessing the network, which may not all have the same level of security. This can increase the risk of phishing attacks as attackers may target personal devices that are used to access corporate resources, which might not be as secure as company-owned devices. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To integrate the Mobility Services Engine (MSE) with Cisco Prime Infrastructure for tracking the location of clients and rogues on maps, it is essential to add the MSE to Cisco Prime Infrastructure using the communication credentials specific to Cisco Prime Infrastructure. This ensures that both systems can communicate effectively. Additionally, a valid license for location tracking must be applied to enable the MSE’s location services capabilities. Without this license, the MSE would not be able to provide client and rogue location tracking functionalities. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

To ensure that only admins have access to network device management while allowing guest users to reach the web portal, access to Cisco ISE must be permitted on the pre-authentication ACL. This configuration allows guests to interact with the portal without granting them broader network access.

In a FlexConnect deployment, enabling FlexConnect Local Switching allows branch office APs to map client traffic directly onto the local LAN, bypassing the need to tunnel all traffic back to the WLC at the main campus. This is essential for corporate devices at branch offices to access local resources efficiently and to be mapped to the correct VLANs according to their VLAN tag ID and WLAN. This setting is not relevant for APs in Local mode at the main campus, as they already switch traffic locally by default.

References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

 Cisco AVC (Application Visibility and Control) on a Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) is used to prioritize traffic by marking the packets. For Cisco IP cameras that use the wireless network, the AVC rule would be configured to mark the packets with a specific QoS value, ensuring that the video traffic is treated with higher priority as it traverses the network. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 Cisco DNA Center is likely ignoring the interference detected by the AP because it includes only Cisco CleanAir interferers in the AP health score (option C), and the interference is less than or equal to 30% on the 5 GHz radio (option D). Cisco DNA Center’s AP health score algorithm may not consider interference that falls below a certain threshold or interference that is not identified as a CleanAir event. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, particularly the chapters on Cisco DNA Center and CleanAir technology.

For optimal voice over WLAN performance with a Cisco 8821 wireless phone, the Cisco recommended configuration is to set the switch port to access mode and trust the DSCP markings. This ensures that voice traffic is appropriately prioritized in the network, providing better quality of service for voice communications. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

The Cisco OfficeExtend Access Point (OEAP) feature is enabled on a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller through the Flex Profile. The Flex Profile allows for the configuration of various settings specific to FlexConnect deployments, including OEAP settings, which enable remote workers to connect to the corporate network securely.

References :=

• CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide
• Cisco documentation on Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controllers

When implementing Cisco Identity-Based Networking on a Cisco AireOS controller with two ACLs where one is applied directly on the WLC interface and another referenced by ISE for a specific group policy, the resulting ACL for a user in that group would be a combination of both ACLs. The BASE_ACL applied on the corporate_clients interface acts as the default ACL for all corporate clients, while HR_ACL is specific for Human Resources users. When a Human Resources user connects, HR_ACL takes precedence but does not replace BASE_ACL; instead, it appends its rules to those of BASE_ACL resulting in an aggregated set of rules from both ACLs. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

To ensure reliable streaming of video content on the wireless network between Cisco FlexConnect APs, Multicast Direct must be enabled. This feature allows for efficient multicast traffic delivery by converting multicast streams into unicast streams for each client, which guarantees delivery even in environments where reliable multicast is not feasible. References := CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

To segregate all iPads on the guest WLAN to a separate VLAN without using Cisco ISE, the engineer can create a local policy on the WLC (option A). This local policy can be configured to identify iPad devices and assign them to a specific VLAN based on their device profile or other identifying characteristics. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, especially the sections that cover local policies and device profiling on the WLC.

Application Visibility and Control (AVC) profiles must be implemented to remark the QoS value for WebEx traffic. AVC profiles allow the network to identify different applications and provide the appropriate QoS treatment, ensuring high-quality meetings. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

When using FlexConnect Smart AP Image Upgrade without a configured FlexConnect Master AP, the WLC will transfer the image to one indoor AP and one outdoor AP separately. Each AP model needs a different firmware image due to hardware differences. Therefore, there will be two image transfers from the WLC: one for the 2702i APs and another for the 1532i APs.

References :=

• CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide
• Cisco documentation on FlexConnect Smart AP Image Upgrade

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 EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security) is an EAP method that an Access Point (AP) can use to authenticate to the wired network. EAP-TLS is considered one of the most secure EAP methods because it uses mutual authentication, where both the client and the server authenticate each other using certificates.

For new Access Points (APs) in a Cisco FlexConnect deployment, switch ports should be configured in trunk mode. This allows the APs to handle traffic for multiple WLANs or SSIDs, each associated with different VLANs. Trunk mode enables the AP to tag traffic with the correct VLAN IDs as per its configuration. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 The two protocols used to communicate between the Cisco Mobility Services Engine (MSE) and the Cisco Prime Infrastructure network management software are HTTPS and NMSP (Network Mobility Services Protocol). HTTPS is used for secure web-based communications, while NMSP is a Cisco proprietary protocol used specifically for efficient, real-time communication between MSE and network management software like Cisco Prime Infrastructure. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

When configuring an Access Control List (ACL) to restrict traffic to the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) CPU, the direction of the traffic is crucial. Since the ACL is meant to control traffic that is destined for the WLC CPU, it should be set as “Inbound”. This means that any rules applied within this ACL will affect incoming traffic towards the WLC, which is necessary when aiming to restrict certain types of traffic from reaching and potentially overwhelming the controller’s processing capabilities. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

In Quality of Service (QoS) for networking, Class of Service (COS) and Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) are used for traffic classification and prioritization. Voice traffic is generally given high priority due to its sensitivity to delay and requires proper tagging to maintain quality over the network.

The correct mapping for voice traffic, according to best practices, is a COS value of 5 mapped to a DSCP value of 46. This is because DSCP 46 corresponds to Expedited Forwarding (EF), which is typically used for voice traffic prioritization in IP networks.

The exhibit shows the output from a command on a network device that displays the current mappings between COS values and DSCP values. The mapping that needs modification for correct voice traffic tagging can be identified by looking at the standard practice for voice QoS, which uses a COS value of 5 mapped to a DSCP value of 46.

References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

To rename access points and add them to the correct AP groups on a wireless controller, the minimum custom attributes required using Cisco ISE TACACS is role1=WIRELESS. This role provides the necessary permissions for read/write access to wireless-related configurations. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

The issue with users configured for EAP-PEAP not being able to connect to the network, when a Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) is deployed using local EAP, typically points to a misconfiguration in the local EAP profile on the WLC. EAP-PEAP relies on a server-side certificate to create a secure TLS tunnel for the authentication process. If the local EAP profile is not correctly configured with the proper certificate or other necessary settings, the authentication process will fail, preventing users from connecting. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

A rogue AP with open authentication poses a high security risk as it does not require a password, making it easy for unauthorized users to connect. If the rogue AP accepts clients, it can potentially capture sensitive data from those clients. A foreign SSID indicates that the AP is not part of the managed network and could be maliciously installed to lure unsuspecting users. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide, focusing on security risks associated with rogue APs.

When setting up identity-based networking with ISE and configuring AAA override on the WLAN, the attributes that can be used to change the client behavior from the default settings include the DNS server and DSCP value. The DNS server attribute allows for the specification of a DNS server per client, which can be essential for directing traffic through specific network paths or applying policies based on domain name resolutions. The DSCP value attribute is used to mark the packets with a specific Quality of Service (QoS) level, which can prioritize or deprioritize traffic as needed. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

When an IT department needs to locate a stolen laptop using its MAC address, enabling Location History for Clients on the Mobility Services Engine (MSE) is crucial as it allows for historical tracking of client devices’ locations. Furthermore, Client location tracking must also be enabled on the MSE; this feature actively tracks and updates the current position of all client devices in real-time. Both settings are necessary to provide a comprehensive view of where the laptop has been over time and its current location within the wireless network’s coverage area. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

The issue described in the scenario occurs because when creating an Access Control List (ACL) to be used for managing traffic to the Wireless LAN Controller’s (WLC) CPU, it must be explicitly defined as a CPU ACL. If this specification is not made during the creation process, the ACL will not appear in the drop-down list when enabling the CPU ACL function. This is necessary because CPU ACLs are used to protect the WLC against potential Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks by filtering incoming packets directed at the management interface before they are processed by the CPU. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 FlexConnect is a wireless solution for branch office and remote office deployments. It allows APs to switch client data traffic locally and perform client authentication locally when they are disconnected from the WLC. For WLAN A to work in FlexConnect mode and WLAN B to work in local mode, the APs need to be part of a FlexConnect group with proper WLAN-VLAN mappings. This ensures that the correct VLAN is used for each WLAN, which is essential when the APs are operating in FlexConnect mode. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

 For an enterprise wireless network with distributed offices globally and APs configured in FlexConnect mode, enabling FlexConnect local authentication is essential to support 802.11r and CCKM. This configuration allows for fast roaming and maintains a secure connection by locally authenticating the clients without having to go back to the central site, thus providing a seamless and efficient roaming experience for the users.

To ensure that all Android devices are placed into a separate VLAN on their wireless network without deploying ISE, the feature that must be implemented on the Cisco WLC is “WLAN local policy”. This feature allows the network administrator to create policies that can classify and segregate devices based on their operating system, in this case, Android devices, into a designated VLAN. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide)

Cisco Prime Infrastructure reporting provides a comprehensive summary of inconsistencies and missed best practices related to WLAN controllers. It aggregates data from all WLCs, Cisco MSE, and itself to generate detailed reports. References: Cisco Prime Infrastructure reporting features documentation.

The Cisco Hyperlocation feature requires enabling on both the wireless LAN controller and Cisco CMX to function correctly. This allows for precise location tracking by integrating data from both components. Additionally, if the Cisco CMX server is a virtual machine (VM), it is recommended to use a high-end VM to handle the processing demands of Cisco Hyperlocation deployments, ensuring optimal performance and accuracy.

In this scenario where branch wireless users can still associate locally but cannot access head office services due to WAN downtime indicates that Cisco FlexConnect is likely in use. The correct elements are: A - authentication-local/switch-local: This means that client authentication and data switching are happening locally at the branch. E - standalone mode: With WAN down, FlexConnect APs operate in standalone mode allowing clients to associate even without connectivity back to WLC. F - WEB authentication: This could be used as an authentication method regardless of WAN state since it’s processed locally at AP level. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

When upgrading a Cisco AireOS WLC from version 7.3 to 8.9, it’s crucial to configure ACLs that allow necessary traffic for Cisco Central Web Authentication (CWA). The correct ACLs to configure are:

• B. Permit 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 UDP DNS any: This ACL allows DNS queries from any source to any destination, which is essential for resolving domain names during the upgrade process.
• E. Permit 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 UDP any any: This ACL permits all UDP traffic from any source to any destination, ensuring that services relying on UDP can continue to function during the upgrade.

These ACLs ensure that critical services like DNS resolution are not interrupted during the upgrade process, which could otherwise lead to system instability or failure to access network resources. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

To route wireless traffic from the branch through the firewall at corporate headquarters, the correct Cisco FlexConnect configuration is central authentication and central switching. This setup ensures that both user authentication and data traffic are handled centrally at the corporate headquarters, allowing the firewall to inspect and route the traffic accordingly. Local RADIUS servers in each branch can still be used for redundancy or other purposes, but the central control of traffic is maintained. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

The correct command set for configuring a Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series Wireless Controller so that the client traffic enters the network at the AP switch port is Option C:

config terminal

wireless profile policy [policy name]

no central switching

end

This configuration disables central switching, which means that client traffic will be locally switched at the access point level rather than being sent through the controller. This is useful in scenarios where local switching is preferred due to reasons such as reducing latency or conserving bandwidth on WAN links. References := ( CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide )

Client profiling involves using various properties to identify and classify wireless clients. The HTTP user agent can provide information about the client’s device type and browser, DHCP can reveal details about the client’s network configuration and requests, and the MAC OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) can be used to determine the manufacturer of the device. These properties are crucial for profiling because they offer insights into the device’s capabilities and identity. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide

 IGMP snooping is a feature that allows a network switch to listen to the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) network traffic. This feature enables the switch to identify the multicast streams to which hosts are interested and to forward multicast traffic intelligently. By enabling IGMP snooping on the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC), it ensures that multicast streams are only forwarded to the access points (APs) where clients are subscribed to them. Setting the AP multicast mode to a specific multicast address, such as 238.255.255.255, allows the WLC to send multicast traffic to APs using this address, which helps in efficient distribution of the multicast stream.

Removing unnecessary controllers from the mobility group (B) would create less load on the controllers while maintaining the same mobility messages. This is because each controller in a mobility group shares its client database with other controllers, which can lead to increased overhead. By minimizing the number of controllers in the group, the load is reduced. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

The remote LAN (RLAN) feature on the OfficeExtend Access Point (OEAP) is used to extend the wired network through more than one port. This allows the creation of a wired interface on the OEAP that can be associated with a specific VLAN, providing connectivity for wired devices at remote locations. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide